Download the list of epitopes in COVID-19 infected or vaccinated individuals
Reliable Identification of SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Responses
T Cells Take the Lead in COVID-19
A deeper understanding of viral-specific T-cell responses to COVID-19 is needed to explore vaccine responses, long-term immunity, predict patients at risk, and even prepare for the next pandemic.
T-cell responses are believed to be important for protection against severe disease through the development of long-term immunity.
SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are present for at least a year after infection with COVID-19. Functional T cells targeting multiple antigens of SARS-CoV-2 are detected in mild and severe COVID-19, as well as asymptomatic individuals.

Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells detected in PBMCs at different time points from a vaccinated convalescent donor with a SARS-CoV-2 Custom MHC I Dextramer® Panel.

Development of COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics
Understanding the specificity, frequency, and durability of the T-cell response is important for defining correlates of protective immunity and identifying
sub-populations eligible for re-vaccination.
Monitoring T-cell responses to a range of epitopes enables researchers to understand which viral proteins (e.g. spike, nucleocapsid) are preferentially targeted by T cells. This information is crucial for vaccine development and may uncover new targets for immunotherapy.
Reliable Tools for Precision Immune Monitoring
Dextramer® technology can help you characterize SARS-CoV-2- specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood, without missing rare or low-affinity cells, in an easy and reproducible way.
Monitor virus-specific T cells by flow cytometry using MHC I and II Dextramer® reagents, or choose dCODE Dextramer® reagents for NGS and single-cell multi-omics.
We provide pre-defined SARS-CoV-2 Dextramer® Panels, each with a curated selection of validated T-cell epitopes. Alternatively, select your own custom panel.

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Panel
Spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 play a key role in the receptor recognition and cell membrane fusion process. Many COVID-19 vaccine development programs focus on the spike protein.
Immudex has prepared two curated Dextramer® Panels displaying proven T-cell epitopes from the Spike protein to help researchers evaluate their vaccine candidate's ability to elicit long-term SARS-CoV-2 T-cell immunity.
XL Panel
- Include T-cell epitopes from Spike protein shown to identify virus-specific T-cells in patients in multiple publications. Only epitopes identified in patient cohorts larger than 7 patients. All validated with MHC Multimer studies
S Panel
- Include Top 5 T-cell epitopes from Spike protein shown to identify virus-specific T-cells in patients in multiple publications
Allele |
Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 Antigen |
XL Panel |
S Panel |
A*0101 |
LTDEMIAQY |
Spike |
X |
X |
A*0201 |
VLNDILSRL |
Spike |
X |
|
A*0201 |
YLQPRTFLL |
Spike |
X |
X |
A*0201 |
RLNEVAKNL |
Spike |
X |
|
A*0201 |
NLNESLIDL |
Spike |
X |
|
A*0201 |
FIAGLIAIV |
Spike |
X |
|
A*0301 |
KCYGVSPTK |
Spike |
X |
X |
A*0301 |
GVYFASTEK |
Spike |
X |
|
A*1101 |
RLFRKSNLK |
Spike |
X |
|
A*1101 |
GVYFASTEK |
Spike |
X |
|
A*2402 |
QYIKWPWYI |
Spike |
X |
X |
B*0702 |
SPRRARSVA |
Spike |
X |
X |
A*0201 |
ALIAPVHAV |
Negative control |
X |
X |
B*0801 |
AAKGRGAAL |
Negative control |
X |
X |
Reported patients coverage |
10 - 100% in allele-matched subjects |
More than 50% in allele-matched subjects |
||
Total number of reagents |
14 |
7 |
SARS-CoV-2 A*0201 Panel
HLA-A*0201 is the most common HLA I allele in the European and North American populations.
Immudex has prepared two curated Dextramer® Panels displaying proven SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes restricted by HLA-A*0201 for researchers to measure SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells and get a deeper understanding of the COVID-19 immunity.
XL Panel
- Include the most well-defined A*0201 restricted epitopes from 7 SARS-CoV-2 antigens, shown to identify virus-specific T-cells in patients in multiple publications. All validated with MHC Multimer studies
S Panel
- Include the top 5 most immune dominant epitopes from XL panel with high patient coverage in multiple publications
Allele |
Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 Antigen |
XL Panel |
S Panel |
A*0201 |
YLQPRTFLL |
Spike |
X |
X |
A*0201 |
RLNEVAKNL |
Spike |
X |
|
A*0201 |
RTIKVFTTV |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0201 |
TLACFVLAAV |
Membrane |
X |
X |
A*0201 |
ILLNKHIDA |
Nucleocapsid |
X |
|
A*0201 |
NLNESLIDL |
Spike |
X |
|
A*0201 |
FIAGLIAIV |
Spike |
X |
X |
A*0201 |
ALSKGVHFV |
ORF3a |
X |
|
A*0201 |
KLWAQCVQL |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0201 |
YLFDESGEFKL |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0201 |
ALWEIQQVV |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0201 |
LLYDANYFL |
ORF3a |
X |
X |
A*0201 |
LLLDRLNQL |
Nucleocapsid |
X |
X |
A*0201 |
SLVKPSFYV |
Envelope |
X |
|
A*0201 |
KLLEQWNLV |
Membrane |
X |
|
A*0201 |
HLVDFQVTI |
ORF6 |
X |
|
A*0201 |
TLDSKTQSL |
Spike |
X |
|
A*0201 |
VLNDILSRL |
Spike |
X |
|
A*0201 |
FLLPSLATV |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0201 |
ILFTRFFYV |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0201 |
GMSRIGMEV |
Nucleocapsid |
X |
|
A*0201 |
ALIAPVHAV |
Negative control |
x |
X |
Reported patients coverage |
5-100% in allele matched subjects |
10-100% in allele matched subjects |
||
Total number of reagents |
22 |
6 |
SARS-CoV-2 Multi Allele Panel
Immudex keeps a curated and updated list of the published SARS-CoV-2 epitopes shown to be recognized by T cells in COVID-19 patients. We have created two curated Dextramer® Panels comprising the most immune dominant SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes published in at least two publications.
With these two unique Panels, you get access to measure SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses in a broad patient cohort following infections or vaccinations.
XL Panel
- Include T-cell epitopes shown to identity virus-specific T cells in patients in multiple publications. Covers 4 SARS-CoV-2 Antigens and 6 HLA Alleles
S Panel
- Include the most immune dominant T-cell epitope(s) for each allele and is a subset of the XL panel. Covers 4 SARS-CoV-2 antigens and 6 HLA alleles. All have high patient coverage in multiple publications
Allele |
Peptide |
SARS-CoV-2 Antigen |
XL Panel |
S Panel |
A*0101 |
CTDDNALAYY |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0101 |
DTDFVNEFY |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0101 |
FTSDYYQLY |
ORF3a |
X |
X |
A*0101 |
GTDLEGNFY |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0101 |
LTDEMIAQY |
Spike |
X |
|
A*0101 |
PTDNYITTY |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0101 |
TTDPSFLGRY |
ORF1ab |
X |
X |
A*0201 |
ALSKGVHFV |
ORF3a |
X |
|
A*0201 |
ALWEIQQVV |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0201 |
LLLDRLNQL |
Nucleocapsid |
X |
|
A*0201 |
LLYDANYFL |
ORF3a |
X |
X |
A*0201 |
YLQPRTFLL |
Spike |
X |
X |
A*0301 |
KTFPPTEPK |
Nucleocapsid |
X |
X |
A*0301 |
KTIQPRVEK |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*0301 |
VVYRGTTTYK |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*1101 |
ASMPTTIAK |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*1101 |
ATEGALNTPK |
Nucleocapsid |
X |
X |
A*1101 |
KTFPPTEPK |
Nucleocapsid |
X |
X |
A*1101 |
SAFAMMFVK |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*1101 |
STFNVPMEK |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
A*2402 |
QYIKWPWYI |
Spike |
X |
X |
A*2402 |
VYFLQSINF |
ORF3a |
X |
X |
A*2402 |
VYIGDPAQL |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
B*0702 |
IPRRNVATL |
ORF1ab |
X |
|
B*0702 |
KPRQKRTAT |
Nucleocapsid |
X |
|
B*0702 |
SPRRARSVA |
Spike |
X |
|
B*0702 |
SPRWYFYYL |
Nucleocapsid |
X |
X |
A*0201 |
ALIAPVHAV |
Negative Control |
X |
X |
B*0801 |
AAKGRGAAL |
Negative Control |
X |
X |
Reported patients coverage |
10-100% in allele matched subjects |
20-100% in allele matched subjects |
||
Total number of reagents |
29 |
12 |
SARS-CoV-2 Custom Panel
We are well aware that not all patients cohorts are the same and that sometimes, you are the only one able to design the Panel most suitable for your research.
Choose your preferred SARS-CoV-2 specific reagents and build your customized package. Have a look at the continuously updated list of the published COVID-19 T-cell epitopes.
SARS-CoV-2 Custom Panel
As many epitopes as you like
- Include:
- T-cell epitopes from your own selection
- T-cell epitopes from Immudex SARS-CoV-2 Panels or epitope list - Alleles: any MHC I or MHC II from our catalog
The Panels are Available as
MHC Dextramer® - for identification of antigen-specific T cells in blood by flow cytometry
dCODE Dextramer® (HiT) - for bulk analysis of antigen-specific T cells by PCR and NGS
dCODE Dextramer® (10x) - for single-cell multi-omic analysis of antigen-specific T cells to combine information on TCR recognition, TCR sequencing, and gene expression using 10x Chromium Single Cell analysis.
dCODE Dextramer® (RiO) - for single-cell multi-omic analysis of antigen-specific T cells to combine information on TCR recognition, TCR sequencing, and gene expression using BD RhapsodyTM Single-Cell Analysis.
Published COVID-19 T-Cell Epitopes
We want to share a curated list of validated epitopes shown to be recognized by T cells in COVID-19 patients.
These immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell epitopes are known to be present in large populations, based on publications and in-house knowledge.
Our scientists have found that many of these epitopes are conserved in Omicron and Delta variants, enabling researchers to monitor T-cell immunity across COVID-19 variants.
We hope this list helps you to select the most suitable epitopes for your SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells research.

Published Mouse COVID-19 T-Cell Epitopes
Download the list of epitopes in COVID-19 infected genetically modified mice.
Order your SARS-CoV-2 Panels
Please contact our application specialist if you would like to discuss your research: customer@immudex.com.
If you are ready to order, please send an email to ordering@immudex.com with the following information:
- Catalog number of the selected panel. Find it here: SARS-CoV-2 Panels Overview
- Your preferred dye (for MHC Dextramer®): PE, APC, FITC, or None
- Test size: for MHC Dextramer®, select between 50 or 150 tests; for dCODE Dextramer®, select between 25, 50, or 150 tests
- For Custom Panels: the alleles and epitopes you have selected for your research
Mapping of the SARS-CoV-2 Epitope-Specific T-Cell Response Using dCODE Dextramer® Reagents
CD8+ T-Cell Signature in Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Identifies Memory Precursors with dCODE Dextramer®
Stay Up to Date with the Role of T Cells in COVID-19
We keep you informed with updates to the list of published epitopes, and the latest scientific advances related to T cell immunity in COVID-19.